Maisnam Julia Devi and Lourembam Roshan Singh
Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur
Pages: 168-179
Parenting style plays an important role in the psychological development of a person,
such as self-esteem; however, there is no previous study comparing this relationship
amongst cisgender and transgender persons, especially in a different culture like Manipur,
where there is severe social stigmatisation of the transgender population. This study
compared the self-esteem levels of cisgender and transgender persons in Manipur and
investigated the relationship between perceived parenting styles and self-esteem among
both cisgender and transgender persons. The study employed a quantitative descriptive
design with 104 participants, aged 18 years and above (52 each from the cisgender
and transgender populations), selected through a multi-stage random and purposive
sampling technique from transgender community organisations in Imphal West district.
The Parental Authority Questionnaire was used to assess perceived parenting styles,
and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure participant’s self-esteem.
Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Pearson
correlation in SPSS Version 25. Self-esteem was found to be not different between the
groups; however, there was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and
maternal and paternal authoritative parenting styles amongst the transgender persons
and maternal authoritative parenting amongst the cisgender persons. Authoritative
parenting protects self-esteem, especially in transgender persons. This calls for family
oriented, culturally relevant mental health interventions in Manipur